Life In Somalia – The 2nd Poorest Country In Africa With A Cost Of Only $2 A Day

Imagine a country where people have nothing but money—so much so that they must sell money just to survive. Yes, you heard that right. In this nation, you could spend all day, all week, or even an entire month just counting stacks of cash.

At the same time, wealth here comes with an unusual privilege: the ability to marry multiple wives. Even older men have the opportunity to wed young, beautiful women. But that’s just the beginning.

This country, with its strategic location, draws global attention. It also shares a surprising connection with the United States—yet, its fate has been vastly different. Welcome to Facts Zone Africa, Let’s begin this documentary and uncover the realities of life in Somalia.

A Land of Contrasts

Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in Africa, situated in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, Ethiopia to the west, and faces the Gulf of Aden, Yemen, and the Indian Ocean to the north and east.

With Africa’s longest coastline—spanning approximately 3,333 kilometers (2,070 miles), comparable to the distance from New York to Miami—Somalia’s shores boast sandy beaches, rugged cliffs, and coral reefs teeming with marine life. This extensive coastline also makes the country a key passageway for global shipping routes linking Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

Somalia covers roughly 637,657 square kilometers (246,201 square miles), making it about the size of Texas. However, its population is significantly smaller, with around 19 million people. But what sets this country apart is its high rate of displacement.

The Somali Diaspora

According to the United Nations, Somalia has one of the largest refugee populations in the world, with over one million people seeking asylum abroad. Additionally, more than three million Somalis have legally settled in other countries.

What has driven so many people to leave? The primary reason is the country’s prolonged instability and security challenges. The largest Somali communities outside of Somalia are found in Kenya, Ethiopia, and the United States. Interestingly, Somalia’s relationships with these nations are complex.

For years, Kenya and Somalia have been entangled in a maritime border dispute over a resource-rich section of the Indian Ocean. In 2021, the International Court of Justice ruled in Somalia’s favor, but Kenya rejected the verdict, arguing the court had no jurisdiction.

Meanwhile, Ethiopia’s conflict with Somalia stems from the Ogaden region, a Somali-majority territory under Ethiopian control. The border remains contested, symbolized by a dotted line on maps rather than a solid one. Despite ethnic Somalis in Ogaden advocating for reunification with Somalia, Ethiopia has refused to relinquish the region.

Internal Divisions

Beyond external disputes, Somalia also faces internal fragmentation. In the north, the region of Somaliland has declared independence, though no country or international body officially recognizes it. Despite this, Somaliland operates with its own government, economy, and security forces.

Also Read: Ethiopia Secures Path to Sea Access through Agreement with Somaliland

The Capital: Mogadishu

Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, may remind you of Madagascar—and for good reason. The island nation got its name due to a historical mix-up. When explorer Marco Polo encountered Madagascar, he mistakenly believed it was Mogadishu, leading to the name we know today.

Located along the Indian Ocean, Mogadishu boasts breathtaking white-sand beaches, particularly Lido Beach, often described as the jewel of the Horn of Africa. The city’s skyline features a blend of Islamic architecture and European colonial influences, seen in its white-walled buildings, elegant domes, and classical columns.

Despite decades of turmoil, Mogadishu is experiencing a revival. The Somali diaspora is returning, investing in businesses, opening restaurants, and contributing to a bustling urban atmosphere. Tuk-tuks zip through the streets, carrying locals and tourists alike, showcasing the resilience and optimism of the Somali people.

Culture and Society

Nearly 100% of Somalia’s population is Muslim, making it a deeply conservative society, particularly regarding gender roles. Somali women traditionally wear hijabs, often in vibrant colors and floral patterns, covering their hair and neck while leaving their faces visible.

However, beyond fashion, Somali women face numerous restrictions, including limited access to education, a male guardian requirement for public outings, and social expectations that prioritize their roles as daughters, mothers, and wives. While change is happening, progress toward gender equality remains slow.

One tradition that persists in Somalia, as in many Muslim-majority countries, is polygamy. Islamic law allows men to have up to four wives, but in Somalia, financial capability dictates the number of marriages. Here, as long as a man can afford it, he can marry multiple wives—sometimes with significant age gaps.

Also Read: The Top 10 African Countries with the Largest Muslim Populations in 2024

Somalia’s economy

When discussing Somalia’s economy, many immediately think of poverty. Indeed, over 73% of the population survives on less than $2 a day, making it one of the poorest countries in the world. However, Somalia also has an unusual economic phenomenon—people literally sell money.

This practice stems from extreme inflation, which has significantly devalued the Somali shilling. As a result, foreign currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar, are highly prized. In Somalia’s open-air currency exchange markets, money is not traded in small stacks but in bulk, sold by weight.

Picture this: heaps of cash piled high on trucks, carts, or even spread across the ground, with sellers hawking banknotes as if they were selling fruits or vegetables. Wads of cash are tightly bundled and scattered across tarps, with so much money in circulation that if a few bills fall to the ground, no one bothers to pick them up.

Some tourists exchange $100 and leave with entire suitcases of Somali money, either as a novelty souvenir or simply to marvel at the sheer volume. Despite the dominance of cash, Somalia has also embraced modern financial technology, with mobile money services like M-PISA (inspired by Kenya’s M-Pesa) becoming a convenient alternative. Even in rural areas, people can send and receive money via basic mobile phones, bypassing the need for traditional banks.

The Camel Capital of the World

Beyond its unique currency markets, Somalia is also home to the world’s largest camel population. While many associate camels with the United Arab Emirates or Saudi Arabia, Somalia actually leads the world, boasting over 6.9 million camels—more than 7% of the global population.

As a result, Somalia is a top producer and exporter of camel milk, producing over 960 million liters annually, second only to Kenya and Mali. In the bustling Hargeisa camel market, thousands of camels are sold each week, ranging from 7 to 7.5 feet in height and weighing between 660 to 1,760 pounds. Prices range from $300 to $1,000 depending on size and quality.

More than just a livestock marketplace, the camel trade plays a deep cultural and social role in Somali life. Camels are symbols of wealth and status, used as dowries in marriage, in traditional ceremonies, and even as a primary mode of transportation in nomadic communities. They are also a vital source of nutrition, with camel milk being a staple of the Somali diet.

A Hidden Gem for Tourism

Despite its challenges, Somalia possesses remarkable tourism potential. The country’s rich history, untouched landscapes, and unique cultural heritage make it a fascinating destination for adventurous travelers.

One of the most breathtaking locations is Lido Beach in Mogadishu, known for its pristine white sand and crystal-clear waters of the Indian Ocean. It’s a prime spot for swimming, surfing, and enjoying freshly caught seafood from beachfront restaurants. As the sun sets, the beach transforms into a lively hub where locals gather to socialize or play beach volleyball.

For history enthusiasts, Laas Geel, a prehistoric cave complex near Hargeisa, is a must-visit. This site features ancient rock paintings, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, depicting early human life and wildlife. Guided tours provide insight into the region’s rich archaeological history, allowing visitors to stand before some of the world’s oldest preserved artworks.

Nature lovers can explore Sa’ad ad-Din Island in the Zeila Archipelago, an undiscovered tropical paradise with a thriving marine ecosystem. The island offers excellent opportunities for snorkeling and diving, with vibrant coral reefs teeming with tropical fish, sea turtles, and even the occasional dolphin.

For an authentic cultural experience, a visit to Bakara Market in Mogadishu is essential. As one of East Africa’s largest marketplaces, it overflows with colorful textiles, fragrant spices, and handcrafted goods. Here, bargaining isn’t just expected—it’s an art form.

Festivals and Cultural Celebrations

Somalia’s vibrant cultural scene is best experienced through its festivals, which offer a glimpse into the country’s deep-rooted traditions.

Eid al-Fitr, marking the end of Ramadan, is one of the most significant celebrations. Streets in cities like Mogadishu and Hargeisa burst into life with joyous gatherings. Women wear brightly colored, intricately patterned traditional attire adorned with shimmering jewelry, creating a dazzling spectacle. Visitors can join in family feasts, sample Somali delicacies, and participate in celebratory dances.

Another major event is the Dira Da Kanka Festival, a grand celebration of Somali heritage. This festival, held in major cities, brings together people from across the country to showcase poetry, music, and traditional dances like the lively danto.

The Cost of Living in Somalia

As one of the poorest countries in the world, Somalia has a significantly lower cost of living compared to developed nations. However, daily life still presents many challenges. In major cities like Mogadishu, housing takes up a large portion of expenses.

A basic two-bedroom apartment rents for $100 to $300 per month, depending on location and security. In rural areas, housing is much cheaper, often costing less than $50 per month for a small home.

Food is another major expense. Dining at a casual restaurant typically costs $2 to $5 per meal, while upscale restaurants charge around $15 or more. Those who cook at home can expect to spend between $50 and $150 per month, with staple food prices such as rice (50 cents per kilogram), beef ($5 per kilogram), and vegetables ($1 to $2 per kilogram).

Transportation and Utilities

Getting around Somalia is relatively affordable. Tuk-tuks and minibuses are the most common modes of transport, with fares ranging from $1 to $3 per trip. Taxis, on the other hand, cost between $5 and $10 for short rides. If you own a vehicle, fuel prices range from $1.50 to $2 per liter, adding $30 to $100 to monthly expenses.

Utilities, however, can be costly compared to the average income. Electricity, primarily supplied by private providers, costs between 50 cents to $1 per kilowatt hour, leading to monthly bills of $50 to $100, depending on usage. Clean water is also purchased separately, costing $2 to $5 per 20 liters, with total monthly expenses reaching $20 to $50.

Internet services range from $50 to $100 per month for basic packages. Healthcare and education costs vary depending on the quality of service. A visit to a private doctor costs $10 to $30, while medication and specialized treatments can be significantly higher. For families with children, private or international school tuition falls between $50 to $200 per month.

A Budget-Friendly Travel Destination

For an adult living in Mogadishu, the total monthly cost of living ranges from $300 to $600. Interestingly, a week-long trip to Somalia can be enjoyed on a budget of just $200 to $300, making it an affordable yet unique travel experience.

With that budget, you can immerse yourself in Somalia’s vibrant culture, historic sites, and beautiful landscapes. Would you consider visiting—or even settling down—in this fascinating country?